FlightMapper.net - The Fastest Way of Finding Flights. - Countries and Airports - Airlines - About - Feedback

Amsterdam airport, Netherlands (AMS) location:

Flights from Amsterdam:

Destination	Airline
Albania
Tirana (TIA)	Transavia (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Argentina
Ministro Pistarini, Buenos Aires (EZE)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Aruba
Aruba (AUA)	KLM (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Austria
Graz (GRZ)	Air France (Direct)
Innsbruck (INN)	Austrian (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Salzburg (SZG)	EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Vienna (VIE)	Austrian (Direct) KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Azerbaijan
Baku (GYD)	Silk Way West Airlines (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Belgium
Brussels (BRU)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba
Bonaire (BON)	KLM (Non-Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Brazil
Guarulhos, Sao Paulo (GRU)	KLM (Direct)
Rio de Janeiro Galeao (GIG)	KLM (Direct)
Viracopos-Campinas, Sao Paulo (VCP)	Martinair (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Bulgaria
Burgas (BOJ)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Sofia (SOF)	Bulgaria Air (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Canada
Calgary (YYC)	KLM (Direct)
Edmonton (YEG)	KLM (Direct)
Montreal-Trudeau (YUL)	Air Canada (Direct) Air Transat (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Toronto Pearson (YYZ)	Air Canada (Direct) Air Transat (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Vancouver (YVR)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Cape Verde
Boa Vista Island (BVC)	TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Sal Island (SID)	LATAM Cargo Chile (Non-Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Sao Vicente Island (VXE)	TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Chile
Santiago (SCL)	KLM (Non-Direct)

Destination	Airline
China
Beijing Capital (PEK)	Air China Cargo (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Beijing Daxing (PKX)	China Southern (Direct)
Guangzhou (CAN)	China Southern (Direct)
Shanghai Pudong (PVG)	Air China Cargo (Direct) China Cargo Airlines (Direct) China Eastern (Direct) KLM (Direct) Suparna Airlines (Direct)
Xiamen (XMN)	Xiamen Airlines (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Colombia
Bogota (BOG)	KLM (Direct) Martinair (Non-Direct)
Cartagena (CTG)	KLM (Non-Direct)

Destination	Airline
Costa Rica
Guanacaste (LIR)	KLM (Non-Direct)
San Jose (SJO)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Croatia
Dubrovnik (DBV)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Split (SPU)	Croatia Airlines (Direct) EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Zagreb (ZAG)	Croatia Airlines (Direct) KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Curacao
Curacao (CUR)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) KLM (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Cyprus
Larnaca (LCA)	EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Paphos (PFO)	Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Czech Republic
Prague (PRG)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Denmark
Aalborg (AAL)	KLM (Direct)
Billund (BLL)	KLM (Direct)
Copenhagen (CPH)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct) Norwegian Air Sweden (Direct) SAS (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Dominican Republic
Punta Cana (PUJ)	TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Ecuador
Guayaquil (GYE)	KLM (Non-Direct)
Quito (UIO)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Egypt
Cairo (CAI)	EgyptAir (Direct) Martinair (Direct)
Hurghada (HRG)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Non-Direct)
Marsa Alam (RMF)	TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Sharm el-Sheikh (SSH)	EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Estonia
Tallinn (TLL)	Air Baltic (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Finland
Helsinki (HEL)	Finnair (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Ivalo (IVL)	TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Kajaani (KAJ)	TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Kittila (KTT)	TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Rovaniemi (RVN)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
France
Bordeaux (BOD)	KLM (Direct)
Lyon Saint Exupery (LYS)	Air France (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Marseille (MRS)	KLM (Direct)
Montpellier (MPL)	KLM (Direct)
Nantes (NTE)	KLM (Direct)
Nice (NCE)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Paris Charles de Gaulle (CDG)	Air France (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Rennes (RNS)	KLM (Direct)
Strasbourg (SXB)	Amelia (Direct)
Toulouse (TLS)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Gambia
Banjul (BJL)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Georgia
Tbilisi (TBS)	Georgian Airways (Direct) Transavia (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Germany
Berlin (BER)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Bremen (BRE)	KLM (Direct)
Dusseldorf, Duesseldorf (DUS)	KLM (Direct)
Frankfurt (FRA)	Cathay Pacific (Direct) Emirates (Direct) KLM (Direct) Korean Air (Direct) LATAM Cargo Chile (Direct) Lufthansa (Direct)
Hamburg (HAM)	KLM (Direct)
Hannover (HAJ)	KLM (Direct)
Munich (MUC)	Air Dolomiti (Direct) KLM (Direct) Lufthansa (Direct)
Nuremberg (NUE)	KLM (Direct)
Stuttgart (STR)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Ghana
Accra (ACC)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Greece
Athens (ATH)	Aegean Airlines (Direct) KLM (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Chania (CHQ)	EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Irakleion (HER)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) Sky Express (Direct) Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Kalamata (KLX)	Transavia (Direct)
Karpathos (AOK)	TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Kefallinia (EFL)	Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Kerkyra (CFU)	EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Kos (KGS)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Mykonos (JMK)	EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Mytilini (MJT)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Preveza/Lefkada (PVK)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Rhodes (RHO)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Samos (SMI)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Thessaloniki (SKG)	Aegean Airlines (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Thira (JTR)	Transavia (Direct)
Zakynthos Island (ZTH)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) Sky Express (Direct) Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Guatemala
Guatemala City (GUA)	Martinair (Non-Direct)

Destination	Airline
Hong Kong
Hong Kong (HKG)	Cathay Pacific (Direct) KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Hungary
Budapest (BUD)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Iceland
Keflavik, Reykjavik (KEF)	Icelandair (Direct) Play (Direct) Transavia (Direct)

Destination	Airline
India
Bengaluru (BLR)	KLM (Direct)
Delhi (DEL)	Air India (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Mumbai (BOM)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Indonesia
Denpasar-Bali (DPS)	KLM (Non-Direct)
Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta (CGK)	Garuda Indonesia (Direct) KLM (Non-Direct)

Destination	Airline
Iraq
Erbil (EBL)	UR Airlines (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Ireland
Cork (ORK)	Aer Lingus (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Dublin (DUB)	Aer Lingus (Direct) KLM (Direct) Ryanair (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Israel
Tel Aviv-Yafo (TLV)	Arkia (Direct) EasyJet (Direct) El Al (Direct) KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Italy
Bari (BRI)	Transavia (Direct)
Bologna (BLQ)	KLM (Direct)
Cagliari (CAG)	KLM (Direct)
Catania (CTA)	KLM (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Florence (FLR)	KLM (Direct) Vueling (Direct)
Genoa (GOA)	KLM (Direct)
Linate, Milan (LIN)	EasyJet (Direct) ITA Airways (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Malpensa, Milan (MXP)	EasyJet (Direct) Emirates (Direct) KLM (Direct) Nippon Cargo Airlines (Direct) Qatar Airways (Direct)
Naples (NAP)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Olbia (OLB)	EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Palermo (PMO)	EasyJet (Direct)
Pisa (PSA)	EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Rome Leonardo da Vinci Fiumicino (FCO)	ITA Airways (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Turin (TRN)	KLM (Direct)
Venice Marco Polo (VCE)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Verona (VRN)	Transavia (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Jamaica
Montego Bay (MBJ)	TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Japan
Kansai, Osaka (KIX)	KLM (Direct)
Tokyo Narita (NRT)	KLM (Direct) Nippon Cargo Airlines (Non-Direct)

Destination	Airline
Jordan
Amman (AMM)	Royal Jordanian (Direct) Transavia (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Kazakhstan
Atyrau (GUW)	Air Astana (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Kenya
Mombasa (MBA)	TUIfly Netherlands (Non-Direct)
Nairobi Jomo Kenyatta (NBO)	Kenya Airways (Direct) KLM (Direct) Martinair (Non-Direct)

Destination	Airline
Kuwait
Kuwait (KWI)	Kuwait Airways (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Latvia
Riga (RIX)	Air Baltic (Direct) Transavia (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Lebanon
Beirut (BEY)	Transavia (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Lithuania
Klaipeda/Palanga (PLQ)	Air Baltic (Direct)
Vilnius (VNO)	Air Baltic (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Luxembourg
Luxembourg (LUX)	Cargolux (Direct) KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Macedonia
Ohrid (OHD)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur (KUL)	KLM (Direct) Malaysia Airlines (Non-Direct)

Destination	Airline
Malta
Malta (MLA)	EasyJet (Direct) KM Malta Airlines (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Mexico
Cancun (CUN)	KLM (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Mexico City Benito Juarez (MEX)	Aeromexico (Direct) KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Moldova
Chisinau (RMO)	FlyOne (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Morocco
Casablanca (CMN)	Royal Air Maroc (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Fes (FEZ)	Air Arabia Maroc (Direct)
Marrakech (RAK)	EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Nador (NDR)	Air Arabia Maroc (Direct)
Tangier (TNG)	Air Arabia Maroc (Direct) Royal Air Maroc (Direct)
Tetouan (TTU)	Air Arabia Maroc (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Nigeria
Lagos (LOS)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Norway
Alesund (AES)	KLM (Direct)
Bergen (BGO)	KLM (Direct)
Kristiansand (KRS)	KLM (Direct)
Oslo Gardermoen (OSL)	KLM (Direct) Norwegian (Direct) SAS (Direct)
Stavanger (SVG)	KLM (Direct)
Tromso (TOS)	EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Trondheim (TRD)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Panama
Panama City Tocumen (PTY)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Peru
Lima (LIM)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Philippines
Manila (MNL)	KLM (Non-Direct)

Destination	Airline
Poland
Frederic Chopin, Warsaw (WAW)	KLM (Direct) LOT Polish Airlines (Direct)
Gdansk (GDN)	KLM (Direct)
Krakow (KRK)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Poznan (POZ)	KLM (Direct)
Wroclaw (WRO)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Portugal
Faro (FAO)	EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Funchal (FNC)	EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Lisbon (LIS)	KLM (Direct) TAP Air Portugal (Direct) Transavia (Direct) Vueling (Direct)
Ponta Delgada (PDL)	Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Porto (OPO)	KLM (Direct) Transavia (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Qatar
Doha (DOH)	Malaysia Airlines (Direct) Qatar Airways (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Romania
Bucharest Henri Coanda (OTP)	KLM (Direct) Tarom (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Rwanda
Kigali (KGL)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Saudi Arabia
Dammam (DMM)	KLM (Non-Direct)
Jeddah (JED)	Saudia (Direct)
Riyadh (RUH)	KLM (Direct) Saudia (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Senegal
Blaise Diagne, Dakar (DSS)	TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Serbia
Belgrade (BEG)	Air Serbia (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Pristina (PRN)	EasyJet (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Singapore
Singapore Changi (SIN)	KLM (Direct) Singapore Airlines (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Sint Maarten
Saint Maarten (SXM)	KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Slovenia
Ljubljana (LJU)	Transavia (Direct)

Destination	Airline
South Africa
Cape Town (CPT)	KLM (Direct)
Johannesburg O.R. Tambo (JNB)	KLM (Direct) Martinair (Direct)

Destination	Airline
South Korea
Seoul Incheon (ICN)	Atlas Air (Direct) KLM (Direct) Korean Air (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Spain
Alicante (ALC)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct) Transavia (Direct) Vueling (Direct)
Asturias (OVD)	Vueling (Direct)
Barcelona (BCN)	KLM (Direct) Transavia (Direct) Vueling (Direct)
Bilbao (BIO)	KLM (Direct) Vueling (Direct)
Fuerteventura (FUE)	EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Girona (GRO)	Transavia (Direct)
Gran Canaria (LPA)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Granada (GRX)	Transavia (Direct)
Ibiza (IBZ)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct) Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct) Vueling (Direct)
Lanzarote (ACE)	EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Madrid (MAD)	Air Europa (Direct) Emirates (Direct) Iberia (Direct) Iberia Express (Direct) KLM (Direct) LATAM Cargo Chile (Non-Direct)
Malaga (AGP)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct) Ryanair (Direct) Transavia (Direct) Vueling (Direct)
Menorca (MAH)	Transavia (Direct)
Palma de Mallorca (PMI)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct) Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct) Vueling (Direct)
Santa Cruz de la Palma (SPC)	Transavia (Direct)
Santiago de Compostela (SCQ)	Vueling (Direct)
Sevilla (SVQ)	Transavia (Direct)
Tenerife-Sur (TFS)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) EasyJet (Direct) Transavia (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Valencia (VLC)	KLM (Direct) Transavia (Direct) Vueling (Direct)
Zaragoza (ZAZ)	China Cargo Airlines (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Suriname
Paramaribo (PBM)	KLM (Direct) Surinam Airways (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Sweden
Arlanda, Stockholm (ARN)	KLM (Direct) Norwegian (Direct) Norwegian Air Sweden (Direct) SAS (Direct)
Goteborg (GOT)	KLM (Direct)
Linkoping (LPI)	KLM (Direct)
Salen (SCR)	TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Switzerland
EuroAirport Swiss, Mulhouse/Basel (BSL)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Geneva (GVA)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Zurich (ZRH)	KLM (Direct) Swiss (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Taiwan
Taiwan Taoyuan, Taipei (TPE)	Atlas Air (Direct) China Airlines (Direct) EVA Air (Non-Direct) KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Tanzania
Dar es Salaam (DAR)	KLM (Non-Direct)
Kilimanjaro (JRO)	KLM (Direct)
Zanzibar (ZNZ)	KLM (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Thailand
Bangkok Suvarnabhumi (BKK)	EVA Air (Direct) KLM (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Trinidad and Tobago
Port of Spain (POS)	KLM (Non-Direct)

Destination	Airline
Tunisia
Enfidha (NBE)	TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Turkey
Ankara (ESB)	AJet (Direct) SunExpress (Direct)
Antalya (AYT)	Air Anka (Direct) Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) Pegasus (Direct) SunExpress (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Bodrum (BJV)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Dalaman (DLM)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Gazipasa (GZP)	Corendon Dutch Airlines (Direct)
Istanbul (IST)	KLM (Direct) MNG Airlines (Direct) Qatar Airways (Direct) Turkish Airlines (Direct)
Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen (SAW)	AJet (Direct) Pegasus (Direct)
Izmir (ADB)	Corendon Airlines (Direct) SunExpress (Direct) TUIfly Netherlands (Direct)
Kayseri (ASR)	Pegasus (Direct)
Konya (KYA)	Pegasus (Direct)

Destination	Airline
Uganda
Entebbe (EBB)	KLM (Non-Direct)

Destination	Airline
United Arab Emirates
Abu Dhabi (AUH)	Etihad (Direct)
Al Maktoum, Dubai (DWC)	Emirates (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Dubai (DXB)	Emirates (Direct) KLM (Direct) Transavia (Direct)
Sharjah (SHJ)	Singapore Airlines (Direct)

Destination	Airline
United Kingdom
Aberdeen (ABZ)	KLM (Direct)
Belfast (BFS)	EasyJet (Direct)
Birmingham (BHX)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Bristol (BRS)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Cardiff (CWL)	KLM (Direct)
Durham (MME)	KLM (Direct)
Edinburgh (EDI)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Gatwick, London (LGW)	British Airways (Direct) EasyJet (Direct)
George Best City, Belfast (BHD)	KLM (Direct)
Glasgow (GLA)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Humberside (HUY)	KLM (Direct)
Inverness (INV)	KLM (Direct)
Leeds/Bradford (LBA)	KLM (Direct)
Liverpool (LPL)	EasyJet (Direct)
London City (LCY)	British Airways (Direct) KLM (Direct)
London Heathrow (LHR)	British Airways (Direct) KLM (Direct)
London Luton (LTN)	EasyJet (Direct)
London Stansted (STN)	EasyJet (Direct)
Manchester (MAN)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Newcastle (NCL)	EasyJet (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Norwich (NWI)	KLM (Direct)
Southampton (SOU)	KLM (Direct)
Southend, London (SEN)	EasyJet (Direct)

Destination	Airline
United States
Atlanta, GA (ATL)	Delta Air Lines (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Austin, TX (AUS)	KLM (Direct)
Boston Logan, MA (BOS)	Delta Air Lines (Direct) JetBlue (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Chicago O'Hare, IL (ORD)	Atlas Air (Direct) KLM (Direct) Qatar Airways (Direct) United Airlines (Direct)
Dallas Fort Worth, TX (DFW)	American Airlines (Direct)
Detroit, MI (DTW)	Delta Air Lines (Direct)
Dulles, Washington, DC (IAD)	KLM (Direct) United Airlines (Direct)
George Bush, Houston, TX (IAH)	KLM (Direct) United Airlines (Direct)
Las Vegas Harry Reid, NV (LAS)	Delta Air Lines (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Los Angeles, CA (LAX)	KLM (Direct) Qatar Airways (Direct)
Miami, FL (MIA)	KLM (Direct) Martinair (Direct) Qatar Airways (Direct)
Minneapolis/Saint Paul, MN (MSP)	Delta Air Lines (Direct) KLM (Direct)
New York John F. Kennedy, NY (JFK)	Delta Air Lines (Direct) JetBlue (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Newark Liberty, New York, NY (EWR)	United Airlines (Direct)
Orlando, FL (MCO)	Delta Air Lines (Direct)
Philadelphia, PA (PHL)	American Airlines (Direct)
Portland, OR (PDX)	Delta Air Lines (Direct) KLM (Direct)
Salt Lake City, UT (SLC)	Delta Air Lines (Direct) KLM (Direct)
San Francisco, CA (SFO)	KLM (Direct) United Airlines (Direct)
Seattle-Tacoma, WA (SEA)	Delta Air Lines (Direct)
Tampa, FL (TPA)	Delta Air Lines (Direct)